THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION, DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder is in direct connection with serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine but the exploration of the role that inflammation has in depression has drawn to new conclusions that come in completion of the etiopathogenesis of depression. Material and methods: We have made a retrospective study consisting of a statistical comparative analysis that targets the patients committed to the Vth Clinic of the “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry from Iasi, between 2010-2017, diagnosed with major depressive disorder. There have been analyzed: demographic data, the intensity of the depression measured on the Hamilton scale, VSH values, and the suicidal associated risk. Results: There is a cumulation of factors that can determine the bidirectional relationship between depression and inflammation. The mechanisms that are at the base of it are not fully known but for women with associated suicidal risk from 2010, the elevated values of HAMD were associated with the higher values of VSH, that means at least for women, that depression is associated with a higher degree of inflammation. Conclusions: From the statistical analysis of the studied groups, the average value of HAMD was relatively constant as well in men and women, without considerable variations over the seven years. The difference consists in a stronger association between the women with severe depression and a higher VSH, over men, whereas we can observe lower VSH values, but with tendencies towards the superior limit, that supports an association between depression with the inflammation status, especially in patients with suicidal risk.
References
2. Moussavi S. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health. The Lancet 2007; 370: 29-32.
3. Kafka F. Letters to Milena. Tel Aviv: Schocken Books Inc., 1900.
4. Dehelean L. Bazele biologice ale psihiatriei. Timișoara: Editura Orizonturi Universitare, 2010, 116-117.
5. Stein DJ. Serotonergic neurocircuitry in mood and anxiety disorders. London, and New York Martin Dunitz, Taylor and Francis Group, 2005, 260-261, 300.
6. Clark DL, Bourtros NN, Mendez MF. The brain and Behavior, an introduction to behavioral neuro-anatomy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005.
7. Benes FM, Carlsson and the discovery of dopamine. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2001; 22(1): 46-47.
8. Stein M, Keller S, Schleifer SJ. Stress and immunomodulation: the role of depression and neuroendo-crine function. J Immunol 1985; 135:(Suppl): 827s-833s.
9. Maes M, Berk M. Depression and sickness behavior are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways. BMC Medicine 2012; 10: 66.
10. Blume J, Douglas SD, Evans DL. Immune Suppression and immune Activation in depression Brain Behav Immun. 2011; 25(2): 221-229.
11. Kim YK, Na KS, Myint AM, Leonard BE. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in neuroinflamma-tion, neurogenesis and the neuroendocrine system in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol-ogy Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64: 277-284.
12. Dobrin R, Dobrin I, Ștefănescu C, Ciobica A, Șerban IL, Anton E. A direct correlation Between the Scores of PANSS/AIMSS Scales and some oxidative stress markers in treated schizophrenic patients. Archives of Biological Sciences 2014; 66(4): 1559-1565.
13. Balmus IM, Lefter R, Ciobica A, Antioch I, Ababei D, Dobrin R. Preliminary data on some behavioral changes induced by short-term intraperitoneal oxytocin administration in aged rats, Psychiatria Danubina 2018; 30(1): 91-98.
14. Turcanu AM, Turcu D, Dobrin I, Cristofor A, Poroch V, Enache A. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and total serum protein as biochemical markers of anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Revista de Chimie 2019; 70(5): 1689-1693.
15. Gavril RM, Gavril R, Dobrin I, Chirita R, Stefanescu C. Current aspects regarding the relevance of inflammation in major depressive disorder. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iaşi 2019; 123(1): 42-50.
16. Herve NA, Foyet HS, Eglantine KW, et al. Cholinergic Enhancing and Antioxidant Effect of Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae) Landrace Aqueous Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Male Swiss Mice. Revista de chimie 2019; 70(12): 4336-4347.
17. Untu I, Boloș A, Radu D. Particularities of suicidal behavior in depressive spectrum. Revista de Cer-cetare și Intervenție Socială 2019; 65: 149-162.
18. Boloș A, Ciubară AM, Chiriță R. Moral and Ethical aspects of the relationship between depression and suicide. Revista Română de Bioetică 2012; 10(3): 71-79.
19. Massaoudi Y, Ciobica A, Dobrin I, Mohammed El Hassouni. Halophilic bacteria as a potential man-agement for autism. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 2019; 24(5): 826-836.
20. Poole H, White S, Blake C, Murphy P, Bramwell R. Pain Depression in chronic pain patients: preva-lence and measurement. Pract 2009; 9(3): 173-180.
21. Scholich SL, Hallner D, Wittenberg RH, Hasenbring MI, Rusu AC. The relationship between pain, disability, quality of life and cognitive-behavioral factors in chronic back pain. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 34(23): 1993-2000.
22. ***World Health Organization. Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Geneva, 2014.
23. Varnik P. Suicide in the world. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012; 9: 760-771.
24. Da Cruz D, Pearson A, Saini P, et al. Emergency department contact prior to suicide in mental health patients. Emerg Med J 2011; 28: 467-471.
25. Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A. Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a worldwide perspective. World Psychiatry 2002; 1: 181-185.
26. Wasserman D, Rihmer Z, Rujescu D, et al. The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on suicide treatment and prevention. Eur Psychiatry 2012; 27: 129-141.
27. Raison CL, Borisov AS, Majer M, et al. Activation of central nervous system inflammatory pathways by interferon‐alpha: relationship to monoamines and depression. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65: 296-303.
28. Arfken CL, Joseph A, Sandhu GR, Roehrs T, Douglass AB, Boutros NN. The status of sleep abnor-malities as a diagnostic test for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 156: 36-45.
COPYRIGHT
Once an article is accepted for publication, MSJ requests a transfer of copyrights for published articles.
COPYRIGHT TRANSFER FORM FOR
REVISTA MEDICO-CHIRURGICALĂ A SOCIETĂȚII DE MEDICI ȘI NATURALIȘTI DIN IAȘI /
THE MEDICAL-SURGICAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF PHYSICIANS AND NATURALISTS FROM IASI
We, the undersigned authors of the manuscript entitled
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
warrant that this manuscript, which is submitted for publication in the REVISTA MEDICO-CHIRURGICALĂ, has not been published and it is not under consideration for publication in another journal.
- we give the consent for publication in the REVISTA MEDICO-CHIRURGICALĂ, in printed and electronic format and we transfer unconditioned and complete the copyright of this manuscript to the REVISTA MEDICO-CHIRURGICALĂ, in the event of its acceptance.
- the manuscript does not break the intellectual property rights of any other person.
- we have read the submitted version of the manuscript and we are fully responsible for the content.
Names and signatures of authors / copyright owners (the following sequence is the authorship of the article):
- ______________________________/_________________________
- ______________________________/_________________________
- ______________________________/_________________________
N.B. All the authors must sign this form
