TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: ANOTHER ONGOING SILENT PANDEMIC
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder, with an increasing prevalence in the past two decades being associated with impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both which cause persistent hyperglycemia (1). In patients with T2DM, persistent hyperglycemia can damage different organ systems in combination with other metabolic abnormalities, which can result in life-threatening and disabling health complications. The most common of these complications are microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular ones, which increase cardiovascular disease risk by two to four times (2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 422 million adults between the ages of 20 to 79 years had T2DM in 2022 affecting 6% of the global population (3). In Romania, the prevalence rates are similar, approximately 5% of the population had this metabolic disorder. Moreover, 7 out of 10 patients with T2DM in our country, had been diagnosed with long-term complications of diabetes (e.g., peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy or blindness) (4).
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